| cha ikenai / ja ikenai | ちゃいけない・じゃいけない | must not do (spoken Japanese) |
| da / desu | だ・です | to be (am, is, are, were, used to) |
| dake | だけ | only; just; as much as ~ |
| darou | だろう | I think; it seems; probably; right? |
| de | で | in; at; on; by; with; via |
| demo | でも | but; however; though~ |
| deshou | でしょう | I think; it seems; probably; right? |
| donna | どんな | what kind of; what sort of |
| doushite | どうして | why; for what reason; how |
| douyatte | どうやって | how; in what way; by what means |
| ga | が | subject marker; however; but ~ |
| ga arimasu | があります | there is; is (non-living things) |
| ga hoshii | がほしい | to want something |
| ga imasu | がいます | there is; to be; is (living things) |
| hou ga ii | ほうがいい | had better; it'd be better to; should ~ |
| i-adjectives | い-adjectives | i-adjectives |
| ichiban | 一番（いちばん） | the most; the best |
| issho ni | 一緒に （いっしょに） | together |
| itsumo | いつも | always; usually; habitually |
| janai / dewa nai | じゃない・ではない | to not be (am not; is not; are not) |
| ka | か | question particle |
| ka~ka | か～か | or |
| kara | から | because; since; from |
| kata | 方（かた） | the way of doing something; how to do |
| kedo | けど | but; however; although ~ |
| keredo mo | けれども | but; however; although ~ |
| mada | まだ | still; not yet |
| mada ~te imasen | まだ～ていません | have not yet ~ |
| made | まで | until; as far as; to (an extent); even ~ |
| mae ni | 前に（まえに） | before; in front of~ |
| masen ka | ませんか | would you; do you want to; shall we ~ |
| mashou | ましょう | let's ~; shall we ~ |
| mashouka | ましょうか | shall I ~; used to offer help to the listener |
| mo | も | too; also; as well |
| mou | もう | already; anymore; again; other |
| na-adjectives | な-adjectives | na-adjectives |
| naa | なあ | sentence ending particle; confirmation; admiration, etc |
| naide | ないで | without doing~ ; To do [B] without doing [A] |
| naide kudasai | ないでください | please don't do |
| naito ikenai | ないといけない | must do; have an obligation to do |
| naku temo ii | なくてもいい | don't have to |
| nakucha | なくちゃ | must do; need to; gotta do |
| nakute wa ikenai | なくてはいけない | must do; need to do |
| nakute wa naranai | なくてはならない | must do; need to do |
| naru | なる | to become |
| ndesu | んです | to explain something; show emphasis |
| ne | ね | isn't it? right? eh? |
| ni | に | destination particle; in; at; on; to |
| ni iku | にいく | go to do |
| ni suru | にする | to decide on |
| ni/e | に/へ | to (indicates direction / destination) |
| no | の | possessive particle |
| no desu | のです | to explain something; show emphasis |
| no ga heta | のが下手（のがへた） | to be bad at doing something |
| no ga jouzu | のが上手（のがじょうず） | to be good at |
| no ga suki | のが好き（のがすき） | to like doing something |
| no naka de [A] ga ichiban |
の中で[A]が一番 （のなかで[A]がいちばん） |
out of this group, [A] is best |
| node | ので | because of; given that; since |
| o / go | お / ご | polite marker; honorific prefix particle |
| o / wo | を | object marker particle |
| o kudasai | をください | please give me ~ |
| shikashi | しかし | but; however ~ |
| sore kara | それから | and; and then; after that; since then |
| soshite | そして | and; and then; thus; and now ~ |
| sugiru | すぎる | too much |
| ta koto ga aru | たことがある | to have done something before |
| tai | たい | want to do something |
| tari~tari | たり～たり | do such things as A and B |
| te aru | てある | is/has been done (resulting state) |
| te iru | ている | ongoing action or current state |
| te kara | てから | after doing ~ |
| te kudasai | てください | please do |
| te wa ikenai | てはいけない | must not; may not; cannot |
| temo ii desu | てもいいです | is OK to ~; is alright to ~; may I ~? |
| to | と | and; with; as; connecting particle |
| toki | とき | when; at this time |
| totemo | とても | very; awfully; exceedingly |
| tsumori | つもり | plan to ~; intend to ~ |
| wa | は | topic marker |
| wa ~yori... desu | は〜より・・・です | [A] is more ~ than [B] |
| wa dou desu ka | はどうですか | how about; how is |
| ya | や | and; or; connecting particle |
| yo | よ | you know; emphasis (ending particle) |
| yori ~hou ga | より～ほうが | [A] is more than [B] |
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