| Sentence Pattern :Plain form と おもいます I think that | ||
| The ideas or information expresses with おもいます are indicated by the particle と. | ||
| 1.)When expressing conjecture (1) あした あめ が ふる と おもいます. I think it will rain tomorrow. (2)テレサちゃんは もう ねた と おもいます. I think Teresa has already gone to bed. When the content of conjecture is negative in nature, make the sentence before to negative. (3) ミラ-さん は この ニュ-スを しって います か. …いいえ , たぶん しらない と おもいます. Does Mr. Miller know this news?. …No, I don’t think he does. 2.)When expressing one’s opinion (4)にほん は ぶっか が たかい と おもいます. I think that prices are high in Japan. The expression に ついて どう おもいますかis used to ask someone’s opinion on something by using おもいます. と is not necessary after どう. (5)あたらしい くうこう に ついて どう おもいますか. …きれい です が ちょっと こうつう が うべんだ と おもいます. What do you think of the new airport? …I think that it is clean but the access to it is not easy. |
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| Sentence Pattern :“S” plain form と いいますsay… | ||
| The content expressed with いいますis indicated by the particle と. | ||
| 1.)When quoting directly what someone says or said, repeat exactly what they say
as in the following structure. (6) ねる まえ に [おやすみなさい] と いいます. We say “Good night” before going to bed. (7) ミラ-さん は [らいしゅう とうきょう へ しゅっちょうします と いいました. Mr. Miller san “I will go to Tokyo on a business trip next week.” 2.)When quoting indirectly what someone says or read, the plain form is used before と. The tense of the quoted sentence is not affected by the tense of the main sentence. (8) ミラ-さん は [らいしゅう とうきょう へ しゅっちょうします と いいました. Mr. Miller said that he would go to Tokyo on a business trip next week. |
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| Sentence Pattern :[(Verb, i-adjective , na-adjective)plain form N (だ)]でしょう? | ||
| When the speaker expects that the listener has some knowledge on the topic being discussed and that the listener will agree with the speaker’s view, でしょうis said with a rising intonation to confirm the listener’s agreement. | ||
| (9)あした パーティー に いくでしょう? ...ええ いきます You are going to the party tomorrow, aren’t you? ...Yes, I am (10)Hokkaidou は さむかった でしょう? ...いいえ, そんなに さむくなかった です. It was cold in Hokkaido, wasn’t it? ...No, it wasn’t that cold. |
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| Sentence Pattern :N1 (place) で N2 が あります | ||
| When N2 express such events as a party, concert, festival, incidents, and disaster and so on, あります means “to take place” or “to be held.” | ||
| (10)とうきょう で にほん と ブラジル の サッカ-の しあい が あります. A football game between Japan and Brazil will be held in Tokyo. |
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| Sentence Pattern :N (occasion) で | ||
| When some action takes place on a certain occasion, that occasion is followed by で | ||
| (11)かいぎ で なんか いけん を いいましたか. Did you give your opinion at the meeting? |
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| Sentence Pattern :N でも V | ||
| でも is used to give an example out of things of the same kind (drinks in the case of (12) when one encourages or advises someone to do something or when one makes a suggestion. | ||
| (12)ちょっと ビ-ルでも のみませんか. Shall we drink beer or something? |
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| Sentence Pattern :V ない-form ない と ... | ||
| This expression is made by omitting いけません from V ない-form ないと いけません. V ない-form ないと いけませんis similar to Vない-form なければ なりませんwhich you learned in Lesson 17. | ||
| (13)もう かえらないと... I have to go home now. |
Related Articles: List of Japanese Sentence Structure
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