| 1.Verb Conjugation | ||
| Verb in Japanese change their forms, i.e., they conjugate, and they are divided into three groups according to the type of conjugation. Depending on the following phrases, you can make sentences with various meanings. | ||
| 2.Verb groups | ||
| Group I In the verbs of this group, the last sound of the ます-form is that of the い-line. There are I, chi and ri then drop ます and add tte. And also ni, bi and mi then drop ます add nde, ki drop ます ite add gi drop ます nde, and shi add te. |
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| (1)to smoke (2)to wait (3)to get on (4)to die (5)to enjoy oneself (6)to drink (7)to write (8)to swim (9)to talk |
(1)すいます (2)まちます (3)のります (4)しにます (5)あそびます (6)のみます (7)かきます (8)およぎます (9)はなします |
(1)すって (2)まって (3)のって (4)しんで (5)あそんで (6)のんで (7)かいて (8)およいで (9)はなして |
| Group II In the most of the verb of this group, the last sound of the ます-form is that of the え–line, but in some verbs the last sound of the ます-form is that of the い-line. They have some special but belongs to Group I. |
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| ends e-line | (1)たべます (2)ねます (3)とめます (4)むかえます |
(1)たべて (2)ねて (3)とめて (4)むかえて |
| Special (1)to wake up (2)to borrow (3)see look at,watch (4)exist (5)get off (6)to wear (7)enough (8)can (9)to fall (10)exceed (11)to take a shower (12)to boil |
ます-form (1)おきます (2)かります (3)みます (4)います (5)おります (6)きます (7)たります (8)できます (9)おちます (10)すぎます (11)あびます (12)にます |
て-form (1)おきて (2)かりて (3)みて (4)いて (5)おりて (6)きて (7)たりて (8)できて (9)おちて (10)すぎて (11)あびて (12)にて |
| Group III | ||
| (1)to study (2)to come |
(1)べんきょうします (2)きます |
(1)べんきょうして (2)きて |
| Sentence Pattern :Verb て- form ください Please do... | ||
| This sentence pattern is used to ask, instruct or encourage the listener to do something. Naturally, if the listener is one’s superior, this expression cannot be used for giving instructions to him/her. | ||
| Examples 1. すみません が, この かんじ の よみかた を おしえて ください. Excuse me, could you tell me how to read this kanji, please? 2. ここ に じゅうしょ と なまえ を かいて ください. Please write your name and address here. |
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| When it is used to ask the listener to do something. Sumimasen ga is often added before V te-form kudasai as in. This expression is politer than only saying V te-form kudasai. | ||
| Sentence Pattern :V て- form います be V –ing | ||
| It is indicates a certain action or motion is in progress. | ||
| Examples 1. いま にほんご を べんきょうして います. Now, I am studying Japanese Language. 2. アナ さん は いま でんわ を かけて います. Ms. Ana is making a phone call now. |
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| Sentence Pattern :V ます form ましょうか Shall I...? | ||
| It is used when the speaker is offering to do something for the listener. | ||
| Examples 1. きょう は はやく かえりましょうか. ...はい はやく かえりましょう. Shall I go home early today? ...Yes I go home early. 2. あした も きましょうか. ...ええ, 10じ に きて ください. Shall I come tomorrow. ...Yes, please come at ten. |
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| Sentence Pattern :S1 が S2.....but | ||
| When describing a natural phenomenon, the subject is indicated by が. | ||
| Examples 1. あめ が ふります 2. かせ が ふきます |
Related Articles: List of Japanese Sentence Structure
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