Lesson 4
Lesson 4 is all about Frequency of Time.To express time, the counter suffixes 時 (o’clock) and 分 (minutes) are used. The numbers are put before them. 分 is read ふん after 2 , 5 ,7 & 9 and ぷん after 3 and 4. There are special 1, 6, 8 and 10 are read いっ, ろっ, はっ, and じゅっ or (じっ) before ぷん. The interrogative なん is used with a counter suffix to as questions concerning number or amounts. Therefore, the word なんじ (or sometimes なんぷん) is used to ask the time.| Sentence Pattern : N (PLACE) は Ima time desu . dewa/ja arimasen. | |||
| N (Place) - It is place or name of country Examples: 1. にほん は いま ろくじはん です。 It is now 6:30 in Japan. 2. アメリカ は いま はちじさんじゅうさんぷん です。 It is now 8:33 am in America. Interrogatives Examples: 1. いま なんじ ですか. ...What time is it now? 2. ニュ-ヨ-ク は いま なんじ ですか. ...ごぜん よじ です. In New York what time is it now? ...it's 4 am. |
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| Vます works as predicate and to make the sentence polite. And is used when a sentence expresses a habitual thing or a truth. It is also used when a sentence expresses a thing that will occur in the future. The negative form and the forms in the past tense are shown in the table below. (Table 1.0) | |||
| Affirmative 1.おきます - まいあさ わたし は しちじ に おきます. 2.おきました - けさ わたし は ろくじ に おきました. Negative 3.おきません - あした の あさ わたし は しちじ に おきません. 4. おきません でした - おきません でした きのう の あさ わたし は ごじ に おきません でした. |
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| Question forms of verb sentences are made in the same way as those of noun sentences; i.e the word order remains the same and か is added to the end of the sentences. In answering such questions, the verbs in the questions are used. | |||
| Interrogatives Examples: 1. きのう の あさ わたし は ごじ に おきません でしたか. ...はい, おきました. ...いいえ, おきませんでした. Did you study yesterday? ...Yes I did. ...No I didn’t. 2. まいばん なんじ に ねますか. ...10じ に ねます. What time do you sleep everynight? ...I sleep at 10. |
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| Sentence Pattern : Person/Noun は specific time に Verbmasu. | |||
| When a verb denotes a momentary action or movement, the time when it occurs is marked with the particle に, に is added when the noun before it uses a numeral. It can also be added to the days of the week, though it is not essential. When the noun does not use a numeral に is not added. | |||
| Examples 1. にちようび に ス-パ へ いきます. I’m going to Supermarket on Sunday. 2. ごじ に おきます. I get up at five. 3. わたし は こんばん じゅうじはん に ねました。 I will sleep tonight at 10:30. |
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| Sentence Pattern : N1 は time から time まで desu . dewa/ja arimasen | |||
| から indicates the starting time or place, and まで indicates the finishing time or place. | |||
| Examples 1. じむしょ は しちじはん から よじ まで じゃ ありません The office is not from 7:30 up to 4:00. 2. わたし の にほんご は ごぜん はちじ まで です。 My Japanese Language study is from 8 o'clock am. 3. わたし の しごと は ごご ごじ まで です。 My work is until 5 pm. |
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| Sentence Pattern : Person は time から time まで Verbmasu. | |||
| ます - it shows politeness toward the listener. |
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| Examples 1. わたし は きのう の ばん ごご しちじ から くじ まで べんきょうしました。 I studied from 7pm until 9pm yesterday night. 2. わたし は じゅうにじ から きゅうけいします。 I take a break from 12. 3. わたし は ごご はちじ まで べんきょうします。 I study until 8pm. |
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| Sentence Pattern : N1 と N2 | |||
| と is the particle to connects two nouns in coordinate relation. | |||
| Examples 1. ぎんこう の やすみ は どようび と にちようび です. The bank is closed on Saturday and Sunday. |
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| Sentence Pattern : S ね | |||
| Is attached to the end of a sentence to add feeling to what the speaker says. It shows the speaker’s sympathy or the speaker’s expectation that the listener will agree. In the latter usage, it is often used to confirm something. | |||
| Examples 1. やまださん の でんわばんごう は 745 の 2461 です. ...745 の 2461 ですね. |
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Related Articles: List of Japanese Sentence Structure
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