Lesson 8
| Adjectives are used as (1) predicates and (2) noun modifiers. They inflect and are divided into two groups, い-adjectives and な-adjectives, according to the inflection. | ||
| Sentence Pattern : N は な-adjectives です. | N は い-adjectives です. | ||
| Example な-adjective 1. マリア さん は しんせつ です。 Example い-adjective 1. ふじさん は たかい です。 |
(1)です at the end of an adjective sentence shows the speaker’s polite attitude towards the listener. An い-adjective with い at the end comes before です, whereas a な-adjective without [な] comes before です. です is used when a sentences is non-past and affirmative. (2)な-adjective じゃ ありません The negative form of な-adjective です is な-adjective じゃ ありません. Examples: あそこ は しずか じゃ ありません. its not quiet there. (3)い-adjective (-い) です ----くない です. To make the negative form an い-adjective, い at the end of the い-adjective is altered to くない. Examples: この ほん は おもしろくない です. This book is not interesting. The negative form of いい です is よくない です. Questions using adjective sentences are made in the same way as those using noun or verb sentences. そうです or そうじゃ ありません cannot be used. Examples: にほん は さむい ですか. It is cold in Japan? はい..さむい です. Yes, it is. |
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| na-adjective | i-adjective | |
| Present | しんせつ です | さむい |
| Neg. Present | しんせつ じゃ ありません | さむくない |
| Past | しんせつ でした | さむかった |
| Neg. Past | しんせつ じゃ ありません でした | さむくなかった |
| Sentence Pattern : Subject は (な-adjectives) な N desu. / Subject は (い-adjectives) N desu. | ||
| An adjective is put before noun to modify it. A な-adjective needs な before a noun. | ||
| Examples 1. デリックさん は しんせつ な せんせい です。 Mr. Dherick is a kind teacher. 2. ふじさん は たかい やま です。 Mt. Fuji is a high mountain. |
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| Sentence Pattern :とても / あまり | ||
| とても and あまり are adverbs of degree. Both come before the adjectives they are modifying. とても is used in affirmative sentences and means “very”. あまり is used in negative sentences. あまり and a negative form mean “not very”. | ||
| Examples 1. にほん は とても さむい です。 Japan is very cold. 2. これ は とても ゆうめい な えいが です. This is a very famous movie. 3. SAKURA だいがく は あまり ゆうめい な だいがく じゃ ありません. Sakura University is not a very famous university. |
Sentence Pattern : N は どう ですか？ | |
| This question is used to ask an impression or an opinion about a thing, place or person, etc. that the listener has experienced, visited or met. | ||
| Examples 1. にほん の せいかつ は どう ですか. ...たのしい です。 How do you find life in Japan. ...it's Enjoyable |
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| Sentence Pattern : N1 は どんな N2 ですか？ | ||
| When the speaker wants the listener to describe or explain N1, this question pattern is used. N2 denotes the category N1 belongs to. The interrogative どんな is always followed by a noun. | ||
| Example 1. なら は どんな まち ですか. ...ふるい まち です。 What sort of town is Nara? ...It's an old town. |
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| Sentence Pattern : Subject は adjective です が adjective です. | ||
| が is a conjunctive particle, meaning “but”. It is used to link sentences | ||
| Examples 1. にほん の たべもの は おいしいです が たかい です。 Japanese food is delicious but it's expensive. 2. にほんご は おもしろい です が むずかしい です。 Japanese Language is interesting but difficult. |
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